Questions to Ask During an Academic Job Interview

Every year graduate students, recent graduates, and postdocs to make the rounds on the academic job interview circuit. When youre looking for a faculty position at a college or university in this difficult academic job market, its easy to forget that your job is to evaluate how well the position matches your needs. In other words, you should ask questions during your academic job interview. Why? First, it shows that youre interested and attentive. Second, it shows that youre discriminating and wont just take any job that comes along. Most importantly, its only by asking questions that youll obtain the information that you need to decide if the job is really for you. Questions to Consider The following are various questions that you can examine and custom fit for your specific interview: How is the university organized? What are the major units and administrators of the school and what are their responsibilities? What does the organizational flow chart look like? (Note that you should do your homework beforehand and be somewhat familiar with the university; ask additional questions to clarify your understanding.)How are departmental decisions made?How often are departmental meetings held? Are decisions made in departmental meetings? Who is eligible to vote on departmental decisions (e.g., all faculty or only tenured faculty)?May I have a copy of the departmental annual report?Whats the relative importance of teaching, research, and service for promotion and tenure?What is the average time that faculty members spend in each academic rank? How long is it before assistant professors are reviewed for promotion and tenure?What is the nature of the tenure review process?About what percent of faculty receive tenure?Can grants be used to supplement salary?What type of retire ment program is there? What percentage of the salary goes to retirement? What does the school contribute?What type of health program exists? What are the costs and benefits?How many undergraduate and graduate students are presently in the department? How are their numbers changing?Tell me about your student population.Where do the undergraduate students go after graduation?What kinds of technology are available in the classroom?How well does the library meet departmental needs? Are the reserves adequate?What courses are you looking to fill?How do the department and university support the improvement of teaching?What are the departments research strengths and weaknesses?What are the departments plans for growth and hiring?What resources for research are available within the department (e.g., computer facilities, equipment)Is there a research office on campus to help faculty write grants?How important is research in determining tenure and promotion?Is outside grant support essential f or promotion and tenure?How are graduate students supported?How do graduate students select research advisors?What kinds of financial support are available for research and supplies?Is this a new position? If not, why did the faculty member leave? Final Advice One final caveat is that your questions should be informed by your research on the department and school. That is, dont ask questions about basic information that can be gleaned off of the department website. Instead ask a followup, in-depth questions that show that youve done your homework and that you are interested in knowing more.

My First Year Old Boys Are Playing Baseball, Football, And...

Most ten year old boys are playing baseball, football, and all the other sports. For me, I did the same therefore; I played outside and played sports. Me my mom and my siblings would always go over to my grandparents’ house while my dad was at work. One day my mom went to go shopping with my grandma; however, I was lucky and got to stay behind with my grandpa. That is when he introduced me to a completely new world. I can remember quite decently it was a warm summer day and I was sitting in my grandpa’s recliner watching cartoons. I always sat in that chair mainly because everything else smelled like fresh smoke consequently, this was due to the fact my grandma has been smoking a pack a day for about seventy five years. Graciously, my mom had already left with my brother and sister as well as my grandma. My grandpa, â€Å"Chuck† as my grandma always called him; he was not a morning person. By the time he was up it was already lunchtime, although that never seemed to bother him. When I was younger, I always noticed him go to the basement. He would be down there for several hours at a time, which would make me very curious. Finally, my curiosity caught up with me, and this time I followed him down. Now Chuck was a very quiet man he did not say much if he did, it was probably something about politics or life itself. When I was down in the basement, I sat on a stool right beside him at his desk. I quickly noticed his organization process, which was to make sure nothing fell off theShow MoreRelatedMy First Year Old Boys Are Playing Baseball, Football, And All The Other Sports1070 Words   |  5 Pagesten-year-old boys are playing baseball, football, and all the other sports. For me, I did the same; therefore, I played outside and played sports. Me my mom and my siblings would always go over to my grandparents’ house while my dad was at work. One day, my mom went to go shopping with my grandma; however, I was lucky and got to stay behind with my grandpa. That is when he introduced me to a completely new world. I can remember quite decently it was a warm summer day and I was sitting in my grandpa’sRead MoreBaseball By Ken Burns : Baseball Is The Constitution, Jazz Music, And Baseball1584 Words   |  7 Pagescrack of a baseball bat meeting a baseball. The hush of the crowd before the pitch allows the 1.4 kHz to echo through the stadium. This sound needs no onomatopoeia; we can all recall it from a memory at a baseball park or from any of the countless baseball movies ever produced. This classic sound has traveled through the years, from the beginnings of professional baseball to today. First called a national pastime in 1856, baseball has endured over two hundred and twenty years as a sport in AmericaRead MoreHow Your Child Acts Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesHow Your Child Acts First of all I think that in the back of every parents mind are questions concerning their childs future. 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A quote from Muhammad Ali says, A man who views the world the same at fifty as he did at twenty has wasted thirty years of his life. All people change when they go through different phases in their lives but not everyone learns from their mistakes. The play Fence, by August Wilson, is a story of a man, Troy, who faces many problems in his life but unfortunately never learns from his experiences. Troy slowly loses everyone in his life and then eventually dies from a heartRead MoreThe Football Of The Baseball Team1531 Words   |  7 Pagesto begin their freshman year of football I awkwardly stumbled along, following them as the field grew closer. I was scared, no; I was absolutely petrified. Never before had I played a real sport. Sure I played a few seasons on the city’s little league baseball team, but in my young mind, that was surely nothing compared to this. Tackle football: I had seen a few minutes of it when my dad and his friends watched, or when my friends played Madde n 05’. Although actually playing was another story altogether;Read MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson Essay1837 Words   |  8 Pageshe realizes he has nothing to show for his life which leads Troy to feel ashamed of himself. The protagonist, Troy Maxson’s job as an African American is a trash collector where is a disappointment for Troy since his dream was to be a professional baseball player. Even though Troys stubbornness gets in the way of his relationships with his family his heart is distracted by the social issues that are occurring during the 1950’s. Troy also represents the number of individuals who ignore the downfallsRead More Youth Sports are Beneficial Essay3780 Words   |  16 PagesYouth Sports are Beneficial Works Cited Not Included Nearly every child, at one point or another in his young and impressionable life, has particiapated in sports. Whether it is a pick-up basketball game at a playground after school, or organized Little League, complete with ninety-foot bases and replicated major league uniforms, sports play an intricate part of the development and maturation of a youngster. Beneath it’s presumed purity, however, lies an occasionally seedy underbelly. Win-at-allRead More Ethnography Essays4047 Words   |  17 Pagescollege football fields every Saturday afternoon. Another form of competition involving severe contact on a scale par with football is the sport of rugby. My personal history with the sport began in a medium sized island in Polynesia. I lived and worked in New Zealand during the summer of 1999, between my sophomore and junior year. This little country hosts a number of different leagues and excels on the world level. I watched numerous matches on the television and in the parks. The first timeRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1340 Words   |  6 Pagesdownfall. At first glance, Troy may not seem like the most honest and affectionate person, but when looking deeper into his actions and reasoning, one could discern that Troy truly is a kindhearted person. Troy works as a garbage man going around and dumping out other people’s trash, which undeniably is not the most desirable, glamorous, or well-paying job a man can have. However, Troy takes whatever work he can get in order to provide for his family. When arguing with Cory, Troy states, â€Å"It’s my job. It’s

Beauty in Todays World Essay - 854 Words

The concept of beauty is a controversial issue in today’s look-oriented modern society as the media constantly tries to give it a set definition. Motivated by material profit, television programs, glamorous magazines, and fashionable websites often provide their own distorted image of the perfect human being. However, due to the fact that it is a subjective and relative concept, beauty is indefinable and therefore an unreachable and utopian ideal. The idea of beauty has undergone a great amount of changes over time, and as a result it is indefinable and almost impossible to give a completely factual definition. What people considered to be beautiful years ago no longer pertains to today’s modern society. These changes can be seen†¦show more content†¦In Asian cultures it is considered attractive to have pale skin, and many Asians often wear sun masks or carry parasols to avoid coloration. Some even powder their faces in order to make their complexion paler and thus more â€Å"attractive†. In Western civilizations like America, perfect skin is often characterized as being tan, and many Americans often risk their own health by visiting tanning salons. Americans also use expensive bronzers and fake tanning sprays that give their skin a more golden color. Cultural differences of beauty can even be traced back to the Native Americans who tightly bounded their heads with cloth in order to elongate their skulls. Similar to variations among cultures, definitions of beauty are also subjective as they can also differ among individuals. Beauty is a relative ideal as its meaning differs among individuals. While some may view beauty as based on inner traits such as personality, intelligence, confidence, grace, charm, and elegance, others may believe that it is only physical factors that make a person attractive. People’s perceptions of beauty are often reflected in their fashion styles and depicted in the clothes that they wear. Many st rive to create their own unique style which shows their individual opinion on what they perceive as alluring. One person may find that a leopard print jacket, a yellow tank top, and pink polka dot shorts are beautiful, while another couldShow MoreRelatedMedia and Feminine Beauty1497 Words   |  6 Pagesfeminine beauty. From watching movie to passing through the subway station, it is quite often to see numerous images of female faces and bodies. Women are exposed in the world where most women display in films and on subway advertising boards are striking poses with little clothes on. Moreover, every image showed is airbrushed with Photoshop. Women are exposed with images produced by the media on what is considered to be the ideal face and body. The way media portray feminine beauty today changesRead MoreSheri S. Teppers Novel, Beauty Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesmisconceptions about beauty and its importance, in todays society. In a time when physical beauty can be of utter impo rtance, we seem to be at a loss of it. What is beauty and where can it be found? Can we see it in the air we breathe, the brilliant oceans, in the striking sunsets, or even in one another? With the weight of beauty in todays society, the common use of expressions used to describe lifes brilliance is expected. The many expressions used to discuss beauty such as beauty lies in the eyesRead MoreWhat is Beauty? Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is beauty? People have always attempted to find, create, and pursue it. A quick checkout at the grocery store will reveal a plethora of magazines devoted purely to what they call beauty and the proper pursuit of it. Most have an idea of what they might personally define as beauty, but not as a general, sweeping definition. That which one might label ugly another might call absolutely stunning. Some find beauty in cats, others in dogs, just as some favor early morning mountain ranges over a sunRead MoreA Book Bum Rush The Page By Teri Ellen C ross886 Words   |  4 PagesIn the world we live in there are multiple definitions of what beauty is. However is it right to deemed a certain skin color more beautiful than the other? In our history we are taught that being a white complexion has many advantages, and that being a dark complexion is a shame. Although that is history, in our world today believe it or not individuals are still subjected to discrimination because of their skin color. In a book called Bum Rush The Page, a poem called Complected written by TeriRead More Beauty Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder† I agree that beauty lies in the eye of the beholder because beauty comes from within your soul. People have different ideas and tastes, so ideas on what is beautiful vary from person to person. This is proven when you look around in the world which we all share. There are countless ways in which beauty is shown to us all. It could be in nature, like the waterfalls or the sunset or even a hurricane; some people may think that it’s exotic to see the skiesRead MoreThe Birth Of Venus By Sandro Botticelli And The Poem Stanze Per La Giostra By Angelo Poliziano1651 Words   |  7 PagesBeauty is in the Eye of the Beholder The two works of art that I have chosen is the painting The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli and the poem Stanze per la Giostra by Angelo Poliziano. The Birth of Venus was created between 1484 and 1486 by Sandro Botticelli. It was created in the early Renaissance period and is currently located in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. Stanze per la Giostra was written between 1475 and 1478 by the Renaissance poet Angelo Poliziano. Its current location is theRead MoreMedia s Influence On Beauty Standards Of Women1213 Words   |  5 PagesMedia’s Influence on Beauty Standards of Women There are several types of social standards that are held in the world today. Among those standards are the beauty standards of how women should look. This is one of the most talked about topic of discussions today. It is safe to say that the media is the reason to blame for these undocumented sets of beauty standards that women should abide by because of the types of women that are portrayed through the media. The unrealistic beauty standards the mediaRead MorePhenomenal Woman By Maya Angelou1591 Words   |  7 PagesThese poems inspire and uplift women throughout the world. Modern society suggest that phenomenal woman was even a big part of the movie Poetic Justice. Maya Angelou teaches many women on how to conduct themselves as well as gives insight on how she conducts herself. She also says gives brief ways of how she shows her inner and outer beauty. Phenomenal Women is a poem that should be passed down from generation to generation. The modern society today will soon read or hear about Maya Angelou and phenomenalRead MoreBeauty Pageants Are Not Healthy For Children1663 Words   |  7 Pages Every little girl dreams of becoming a princess. With today s society, children are becoming them at a younger and younger age. Beauty pageants have become a phenomenon in American culture. Miss America winners are role models for these girls. They represent the perfect woman, or at least perfect to society s standards. The world of child beauty pageants has become a source of fascination in today s society. Networks such as TLC and WE TV have produced popular reality shows focusing on the miniatureRead MoreThe Unrealistic Standards Of Beauty888 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesBeauty is in the eye of the beholder. This is an old saying my grandmother would say to me growing up. I was taught my beauty depended on my perspective. I was taught to accept and love myself as I am. In the past decades, beauty standards didnt require much from girls, and the culture taught girl to accept their appearance. However, This self acceptance twisted as the years went, from generation to generation. The society set unrealistic standards of beauty across the world. This new occurrence

Avalanch Essay Research Paper Each year in free essay sample

Avalanch Essay, Research Paper Each twelvemonth in the U.S. alone 1000s of avalanches occur. The avalanches happen at many ski resorts, and sometimes killing and wounding people who went out of bounds or did non listen to the teachers. The avalanches besides happen on other mountains that people are boosting and mounting on the mountains. In the Cascades every twelvemonth tonss of avalanches occur with out doing any harm to anything. This twelvemonth entirely in North America 32 people have died due to avalanches. Avalanches don # 8217 ; Ts have to go on on a mountain. They can go on were of all time there is snow lying on land of sufficient angle. In recent old ages at that place have been accidents with avalanches on the English Lakes, the Cheviots and the Pennines and Wales ( Marchant 52-53, About Avalanches ) The lifting sum of backcountry skiing and snowboarding is non good. That it because where they ski, the snow is non safe and is easy caused to skid. On Mount Baker in Washington a skier was 15 pess out of bounds and was covered by a 15-foot moving ridge of snow. ( Martinet 52-53 ) Many things can and will do avalanches. Many factors cause avalanches. Weather is the most of import factor in finding whether avalanches are likely, and the rating of the snowpack is wholly dependent on this. The snowpack depends on the conditions. One twenty-four hours it could be warm out, warming the snow to 0 grades. Then the following twenty-four hours could 10 below. That would do the snow icy on top and sort of sugary underneath. That would be a likely job for a tramp. They could do some snow to skid and it would travel fast. It would travel fast because the sugary snow Acts of the Apostless as ball bearings doing the crusted bed slide in large sheets destructing things. An other conditions factor is a storm. It is said that 90 % of all avalanches occur during blizzards. Other conditions factors besides affect avalanche activity but non every bit much as storms and temperature. Terrain besides has an affect on how avalanches are caused. If the land is bouldery underneath the snow it is non a likely that an avalanche will get down because the stones will keep the snow between themselves and sort of battalions the snow tighter. When the stones are covered surface avalanche activity is unhampered. The terrain besides consists of the Slope. When there is a incline between 25 and 45 grades, you are more likely to hold a big slab avalanche. The snowpack is a really of import factor in finding whether an avalanche may happen. When look intoing the snow beds there is no demand to delve to the land degree, merely the first moderately thick bed of neve ( refrozen old snow ) . Smoothing the back wall of the cavity and examining with a finger all the manner down may so place the snow bed. Look for these characteristics. Adjacent beds of different hardness, really soft beds, H2O beads squeezed out of a sweet sand verbena made of any bed, beds of ice, beds of graupel ( rounded to a great extent rimmed pellets ) , air space, and beds of loose uncohesive grains. The people on the mountains cause the avalanches excessively. They cause the avalanches by interrupting the snow by doing loud noises, by skiing, snowboarding and snowmobiling besides. All the carving in the snow by the people and their toys causes interruptions in the snow and that creates a really likely factor for a slab avalanche. People all do other things that might non thing will do an avalanche. ( About Avalanches ) The physical features of an avalanche can be broken down to the types of avalanches and what they do. One avalanche is the slab avalanche. This sort of avalanche is big slabs of difficult snow skiding on the surface of the graupel. The graupel works a ball blackball for the slab to skid on. Leting the snow to make velocities of two hundred stat mis per hr. The slab of snow is frequently difficult and destroys everything in its manner. The slab avalanche has a break of mistake line where it breaks off from the other snow and starts to skid. The mistake can be caused by about anything, like a skier, snowboarder or snowmobiler. The borders are perpendicular to the mistake and will skid perpendicular with the mistake. ( About Avalanches ) A surface avalanche is another characteristic of avalanches. This type of avalanche is started on the surface and merely maintain skiding down picking up velocity and more snow burying things in its manner. The surface avalanche is non every bit bad as a slab avalanche because it does non hold the big slabs of difficult ice and snow skiding on top crashing though things. The snow in avalanches moves really fast down the hills. The snow averages a velocity of 150 # 8211 ; 200 stat mis per hr! That is really fast particularly when there likely about 15-foot wall of snow coming down the mountain at 200 stat mis per hr. The snow can merely make that velocity when there is sufficient angle on the mountain. ( About Avalanches, Encarta 98 ) Avalanches harm belongings. The fast moving snow takes out trees and houses in it manner. Not much can halt the snow except itself, because trees and house Don # 8217 ; t stand a opportunity against the fast difficult snow. In the image below you can see that the snow will destroy the land by rending the trees down and thwacking them into the house. That besides moved the house off its foundation and pushed it for a twosome hundred pess before halting the slide. ( Marchant 52-53, About Avalanches ) This twelvemonth entirely 70 people have died from avalanches in Europe. Mostly all of them were skiers, snowboarder and tramps. This twelvemonth in North America 32 people have died. Most of them were snowboarders, skiers, tramps and possibly a snowmobiler. The ground most of the people are killed in the avalanches are that they are skiing or snowboarding and wear # 8217 ; t remain in bounds and travel out in the backcountry were no 1 knows where they are and if they were in the avalanche or non. So most of the people in the backcountry that are caught in the avalanches died of being beat around by the snow and hitting things or dice of hypothermia. So when traveling in the backcountry Don # 8217 ; t travel entirely and put in an avalanche sender. The sender sends out a signal for people can happen you when you are buried in the snow in the center of no where. So to avoid deceasing while skiing and snowboarding in an avalanche stay out of the backcountry and remain on the marked g roomed trails. ( Marchant 52-53, About Avalanches ) How Avalanches are caused. There are four chief grounds that avalanches are caused. One chief cardinal factor is the conditions. 90 % of avalanches are caused during blizzards. The conditions in most of import factor in finding whether an avalanche will go on, following to the rating of the snow. There are many variable in the conditions that have an affect on the avalanche activity. For case, if there is a SW air current of 25mph is indicated with freezing temperatures and snow is know to be lying so it may be assumed that some avalanche hazard will be constructing on the NE facing inclines. The information provided on the temperature, wind velocity and way frequently enables people to do utile anticipations before go forthing place. When boosting after floating and storms do watch out for valances they look like this. This is a jeopardy and can be avoided if you are watching where you are mounting and cognize the land reasonably good. The diagram shows the possible avalanche break line, so seek to give them a broad position to forestall get downing an avalanche. Another Factor in avalanches is the terrain. The terrain consists of the incline profile and the land surface. The incline profile consists of the type of inclines, and which 1s are more unsafe. The most big slab avalanches run on the inclines between 25 and 45 grades. This scope includes the mean angle of coire backwalls and attack inclines to crags. The convex inclines are by and large more risky than unvarying or concave inclines. The point of maximal convexness is a frequent site of tenseness breaks, with the release of the slab avalanches. Ridges or buttresses are better picks than unfastened inclines and gullies when avalanche conditions prevail. The crest of the mountain ridges is normally protected from avalanches, while mounting in state of affairss, stone belays on ribs and buttresses can frequently supply security. ( About Avalanches ) Snowpack is another factor in doing avalanches. When there is equal visibleness, snowpack observations can get down from the wayside. The grounds of recent avalanche activity, chief snow accretion, and fresh burden snow and drifting can frequently be noted from below. When continuing up the mountain take note of pes incursion, valance build up, easiness of release of little slabs and consequence which localized wind forms may hold had on the slab. To acquire an accurate note on the snow beds you can delve a cavity. Do non delve your cavity on the chief incline, but on a little safe incline of similar orientation, it is safer. There will no demand to delve to the land degree, merely down to the first neve. ( Refrozen old snow ) Expression for these undermentioned characteristics. ? Adjacent beds of different hardness. ? Very soft beds ( fist penetrates easy ) . ? Water drops squeezed out of a sweet sand verbena made from any bed. ? Layers of ice. ? Layers of Graupel ( Rounded to a great extent rimmed pellets ) Acts as ball bearings in the snow battalion. ? Feathery of faceted crystals. ? Layers of loose, uncohesive grains ? Airspace. Any of the above might be the beginning of a unsafe failing in the snowpack. You should execute this trial every clip before you climb or hiking. This will assist you to do an educated hazard appraisal. The Lee inclines should be avoided after storms of heavy drifting. Their location will evidently vary harmonizing to weave way, and will include sheltered side of ridges and tableland rims. Peoples on the mountain are truly the chief cause of the avalanche. Most of the people on the mountains are skiers, snowboarders, and climbers. The skiers and snowboarders make large cuts in the snow when they are turning traveling down the mountain. The channels from the people can and make do the snow to interrupt apart and do slab avalanches. The people do others things on the mountain, like cause loud noises and other things that they merely don # 8217 ; t r ealize they did to state others what might hold caused the avalanche. The truth is that most of the avalanches are cause by the victims. It is said that 90 % of avalanches are cause by the victims. ( About Avalanches ) There are things a individual can make to forestall being caught in an avalanche. One thing is maintain a close ticker on the conditions and acquire the prognosis before you go mounting. Do non mount or ski if there is a storm coming or it is floating. Be watching the temperature because that makes the snow loose or difficult. If the snow gets to 0 grades o twenty-four hours it will be loose and soft. Then the following twenty-four hours the snow will be difficult and will skid in a large slab if breaks off. The loose warm snow would be more likely to give manner than the difficult snow so watch for that. The air current is another factor. If it is floating, the snow will be unstable because there will be new snow being placed in different topographic points, and the snow will non hold clip to pack itself before you climb on it. Don # 8217 ; t ascent when there is floating and stormy conditions. The air current will besides drop the temperature existent fast when mounting or skiing ticker for the warm snow turning to ice. The snow beds besides will assist you forestall being caught in an avalanche. If you follow the checklist of beds that were said earlier you would hold a good thought of the sort of hazard you would be taking, if there were any of the dangers in the beds like that were said. If you head those warning marks of the snow beds you should be good in that country. Check the terrain. When look intoing the terrain expression for the type of incline on the mountain you will be mounting or skiing. What is underneath the snow? Is are at that place stones underneath the snow is at that place, cavities that bead out for a couple pess but have a thin crust over them. Ask a twosome locals who have climbed the mountain before, and see what hold to state you about the terrain. ( About Avalanches ) If caught in an avalanche you should seek to make these things. The first thing you should seek to make is seek to detain your going with the traveling snow. You could make that by delving you mounting ax in to the snow or one of your ski poles, or seek keeping on to a tree or stone in you can. Besides tie a rope your organic structure, if you have on with you, so bind the other terminal to a tree or stone, this manner you will non acquire carried really far down the mountain. ( About Avalanches ) When you are being carried off by the snow shriek, yell, cry, merely seek to do a batch of noise for people will be able to hear you and possibly find be able to turn up you a batch faster. By making that others can acquire an thought of where you might be on the mountain. ( About Avalanches ) If you are near the break line attempt to run or leap up incline above the break line. You could besides seek to leap on a difficult slab and seek to stay on the top of it for a piece, until the slide slows down. Get rid of your cogwheel, like your pokes, skis etc. This will assist you steer better in the snow and will assist your senses a little more. Try turn overing like a log with the snow it will assist you be able to travel around a small better. You can seek a swimming gesture because it sometimes helps you steer a little more. But every what you do, seek to remain on the top of the traveling snow, it will assist salvage your life if everything else does non work. ( About Avalanches ) If you get buried in the snow attempt to make some of these fast ones or manoeuvres. One thing keeps your manus in forepart of your face and attempts to clear and keep an air infinite. This will assist you be able to take a breath better. Besides try to hold a infinite near your thorax for enlargement, when you are take a breathing. You should avoid terror and attempt and conserve your energy. Most likely your comrades are likely looking for you. So stay composures ; wear # 8217 ; t waste all of your strength on seeking to acquire out from where you are. If you try and acquire your manus out above the surface, other wise attempt and remain still, and seek to take a breath usually. If you witness an avalanche entombment you should continue by making the followers. ? Observe the victim # 8217 ; s advancement, and if possible grade the point of entry and point at which last seen. ? Check for farther avalanche danger. ? Make speedy hunt of the dust surface, expression for marks of the victim and listen for sounds. ? Make a systematic hunt, examining the dust with axes or poles. ? Send for aid. ? Keep seeking until aid arrives ? Remember, you are the victim # 8217 ; s merely existent opportunity of unrecorded deliverance. ( About Avalanches ) How people are seeking to command avalanches, so that they can be prevented. One manner they are commanding avalanches is that they fire missiles in to the mountains and do small slides. The small slides move a batch of snow down the hill, so when there is a existent avalanche there is non every bit much snow traveling down the hill at one time. They besides use dynamite and other weaponries to make the same. Anther thing they do is, they put up cyberspaces to command the velocity and sum of snow traveling down the mountain all at one time. The cyberspaces hinder the snow # 8217 ; s impulse and sum. That helps cut down on harm done to belongings and woods. ( Ready, Aim, Fire, 148 ) Here is what has happened to a twosome of people and what they did while being caught in an avalanche. Mitch Edwards was snowmobiling in the winter of 1998-1999, when was driving in some pulverization and got stuck traveling up hill. He knew the avalanche danger was high so he was seeking to maneuver clear of it. But while he was stuck and seeking to acquire out, one of his friends yelled avalanche. So he got on his 97 t-cat believing the snow would travel around him and his sled, but he was incorrect. The minute the snow hit his sled it flipped him and his sled all over the hill. He was seeking swimming gestures through snow like you are supposed excessively, while his sleigh was acquiring flipped around. When it eventually stopped his pess were pinned under his sled and his whole organic structure was covered as if buried in cement. The snow was up to his oculus degree, and he could non travel an inch. All that was seeable of his snowmobile was the tip of his ski. Fortunately his friends had seen the whole thing happen. He said after some shoveling he and his snowmobile started to emerge. He besides said every one in his group wears avalanches senders. He said if you don # 8217 ; t have one and were buried like he was and no 1 was at that place to happen him he could still be at that place he said. By the manner, his sled started on the first pull. ( Edwards, 16 ) ( Mitch Edwards and His 97 T-cat ) Andrew Murr and a group were boosting on Mount Rainier when it all started with one word, SNOW. When he looked up he saw a 150 moving ridge of snow coming down at him and 9 other climbers. Their usher tried to hustle them to safety, but they were swept off. Gregg dug his ax into the snow but nil would keep. He told himself he was deceasing. Then his rope caught a rope and brought him to a arrest. A lady that was on his same rope came to a halt over the border of a 500-foot drop underneath a waterfall of glacial overflow. As it turned out all but one of the 10 climbers lived. Patrick Nestler, was hanging beneath the lady even farther down the rope. He died of hypothermia, because he was pelted with 35-degree H2O for about 2 hours. The climbers had been mounting when the temp was a turn 75 grades and the snow merely gave off because of the snow being to warm they figured. ( Murr, 34 ) A device that skiers and snowboarders can have on to assist salvage them in an avalanche, it is called the AIR BAG. It is a 1 or 2 fictile balloons that people can have on on their dorsum. The contents inside are 150 liters of a mixture of N and air. The skier or snowboarder triggers this by drawing a small twine, that so causes a chemical reaction and the balloons fill. What the air bag does is really two things. One thing is that it decreases denseness of a homo, which is much higher than the one of the snow. ( From 1,000 fg/m3 to about 400 kg/m3. ) ( Air Bag ) The 2nd thing it does is do the skier go a bigger atom. This helps the victim stay on or shut to the top of the traveling snow. Because smaller pieces stay under the surface, like a human by them self with out an air bag, would be under the surface the whole and likely neer come uping. The avalanche seams to screen the large pieces and set them on top, and the air bag makes the individual bigger, it keeps them on the top. ( Air Bag ) During 1991-1997 12 people with air bags survived the accident. But you can non be certain you will be wholly buried. In instances of the individual being buried the balloon remains on top of the surface doing it easier to happen the individual. In decision avalanches can go on to any 1 who takes the hazard and there are many factors of enchantress can do them to go on. The victim is one of the chief causes that the avalanche starts in the first topographic point. So when traveling hike or skiing look into the factors. Look at the conditions, acquire an drawn-out prognosis, as some locals about the avalanche activity on that mountain this twelvemonth. Check the snow beds, and merely wear # 8217 ; t believe it can # 8217 ; t go on to you. Remember avalanches can happen where there is sufficient angle and plenty snow to skid. # 8220 ; About Avalanches # 8221 ; The Scots Sports Council. Edwards, Mitch. # 8220 ; I survived an Avalanche # 8221 ; Pride, Vol. 17 December 1998, p16 Fallow, Allan. # 8220 ; Avalanche # 8221 ; National Geographic World, Vol. 257 January 1997 p2-6 Finkel, Michael. # 8220 ; Six Feet Under # 8221 ; Skiing, Vol. 46 October 1993 p28 # 8220 ; Good Avalanches are Essential. # 8221 ; Discover, June 1995, p18 Grogan, David # 8220 ; Buried Alive # 8221 ; Peoples Weekly Vol. 37 January 20, 1992 P 36-37 Marchant, Valelie. # 8220 ; Steep Deep and Deadly # 8221 ; Time March 8th, 1999 p52-53 Murr, Andrew. # 8221 ; The Trail Just Gave Out # 8221 ; News Week Vol. 131, June 22nd 1999, p34 # 8220 ; Ready Aim Fire, its Avalanche Control Season # 8221 ; Sunset Vol. 190 January 1993, p148 # 8220 ; The Air Bag # 8221 ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.avalanche.med.tu-muenchen.de/sk: 8e.htm

Funding the Problem in Independent Research Sample for Student

Question: However Funding May Be The Problem In Independent Research? Answer: Introduction: Gambling addiction is an urge to gamble constantly without taking into consideration undesirable consequences of this addiction. Certain criteria are established to classify gambling as clinical pathological gambling. Intensity and severity of gambling addiction can be decided by the problems experienced by gambler rather than behavior of gambler. Pathological gambling affects both social and family life of gambler and family members. Gambling addiction is considered as addiction like any other substance abuse or substance addiction. However, American Psychiatric Association considered gambling as impulse control disorder rather than addiction. Most of the research indicated that there is a closer relationship between gambling and addiction rather than impulse control disorder and gambling (Nancy, 2006). Research indicated that pathological gamblers are associated with lower levels of norepinephrine as compared to the normal gamblers. It is also evident in the MRI neuroimaging studie s that financial gain in the gambling can result in the brain activation similar to the cocaine addiction. These gamblers also exhibit similar withdrawal symptoms like addiction individuals. Deficiency of serotonin plays an important role in the development of compulsive behavior as well gambling addiction (Potenza, 2008). Objective of the research: To identify the social, financial and health impact of gambling addiction on the gambler and family members of gambler. Impact of this research problem: Most of the studies related to the gambling research are planned to estimate prevalence of gambling. These prevalence studies are helpful in finding problem gamblers in the society Psychology. These surveys are helpful in finding total number of pathological gamblers, number of people at risk of gambling, percentage of people with experience of gambling as a problem and amount of profit obtained from the gambling. Out of their interest, industry people always try to downplay these numbers. Main problem with research on gambling is source of data. Data related to gambling is not available from the valid source and it is difficult to believe completely on such type of evidence. Very less information is available for who produced the data, who initiated the research, what is funding source and what is policy behind the research. Answers for these questions are not promising. Most of the research about gambling is done by the industries. Researchers participated in the gambling research are unable to disclose the data under the influence of industry. In other fields of research, researchers usually produce productive data. However, in case of gambling researcher try to present data on the negative side mentioning very less business. As a result, very less accurate data about gambling is available (Bensimon et al., 2013). These studies also tend to exhibit social class bias. It is evident that these studies reported about more involvement of low class people in gambling. However, it is difficult to accept this fact. Most of the research quoted gambling is a harmless leisure activity. However, in reality it has many harmful effects on the family and society. There are few gamblers without negative impacts of gambling. Such gamblers are termed as problem gamblers. This ill effect of gambling varies from person to person. However, most of the gambling studies are population based and not on the individual basis. Hence, these results cant be applied to each and every in dividual in the society. Few researches apposed industry funding for the gambling research because it can influence outcome of the research. Moreover, these researchers seek funding from public health remit. However, it is a distance dream. There is discrimination in the data generated by the research in gambling and real life condition of the people. In Australia, it has been found that people in Australia spend more money and loses it on gambling as compared to people of any other country. These people also spend more money on gambling as compared to alcohol and petrol (Christensen et al., 2015). One of the prominent reasons for availability of less data on gambling research is researches perception on gambling research. These researchers dont want to spend money and time on silly thing like gambling. Moreover, these researches believe that it very difficult to do research on gambling because most of the gamblers may lie about gambling. There is truth deficit in this research. It should be noted that quality of gambling research can be improved by conducting independent research. Valid data can be generated by conducting independent research, however funding may be the problem in independent research. Implication Causes and trigger: Gambling addiction is considered as the compulsive act with lack of sensitivity of family, work related and financial consequences. Gamblers never think of win or lose as their main focus is act of gambling. Psychological disorder like obsessive-compulsive disorder is primarily responsible for the act of gambling. Obsessive part is responsible for only a single act which is gambling and compulsive part comprises of gamblers action to lessen stress and anxiety. In the research, it is evident that abstaining from gambling can lead to impatience and irritability, which are the prominent symptoms of any addiction. Genetic factors are also responsible for gambling. It can be inherited form either parents (Weinstock and Rash, 2015). Winning and losing in the gambling activate the dopamine level in the brain and increases inclination of the individual towards gambling. Pathological coping mechanism which helps individual to escape from the outside world problems is also responsible for the addiction of gambling. Gambling addiction can also happen to escape from past trauma. Childhood traumas like exploitation and neglect are responsible for gambling addictions. Different psychological factors like anxiety and depression are also responsible for gambling addiction. People who cant find natural ways of happiness are more inclined to gambling. Social influence, nervousness and negative emotions are also responsible for the gambling addiction (Sauchelli et al., 2014). People with gambling are always tend to lose control on them. They are aware of loss of money and time, however they cant control it. They are conscious about their responsibities and family problems, however gambling seems important for them. People with gambling have mixed feelings about themselves. These people are anxious and unhappy about their wrong doings, however they cant control it. This can trigger to psychological implications in people with gambling. Gambling provoke wrong beliefs in person. These people always tend to believe that at some time point they are going to win and after that they can stop it. On some occasions, they may win small amount and it keep them float for more gambling (Johannes et al., 2010). Gambling brings negative thoughts in a person like feeling of loser if he quits gambling. Gambling can trigger problems like leaving family members, fighting among the family members, lying to family members, hiding from the society members, damage to reputation , bankruptcy, distraction from the job, physical and mental illness. Gambling can have very strong impact on the children. Children feel like forgotten by the gambling parent, depressed and angry on the parent because gambling parent cant give enough attention to the children. Children may become totally disturbed because it would be very difficult for them to take side of either of the parents. It would be difficult for the children to believe parent with gambling. Physical and emotional abuses can be increased in the family with gambling. There are possibilities of suicidal attempts in families with gambling (Cunningham et al., 2011). Intervention: Intervention for gambling can be divided into four steps. These steps include validation, documentation, recommendation and consequences. In the validation step, there should be setting of foundation of love and care for the gambling person. It should be kept in mind that other than gambling, other positive things are there in the person. Family member needs to explore these positive things in the validation step (Gainsbury, 2014). Gambling person may deny the problems of gambling. Some gambling persons may deny instructions given by the family members to quit gambling. In the long term this negative approach of denial can have significant impact of the gambling person and family. Hence, record should be maintained related to conversations among family members. These conversations can be used as proof in the later stage. Documentation can also be done for the negative consequences observed due to gambling. Intervention can be provided to prevent occurrence of these consequences or pr ecautionary measures against these consequences (Meyer et al., 2009). In recommendation step actions should be taken against the problems. There should be rectification of the problem. Gambling assessment test should be performed and decision should be made to provide intervention. Gambling person should be allowed to attend meetings and counseling sessions to cope up with this addiction. By this, gambling person can be positively influenced and try to quit gambling. Case studies discussed in these meetings would be helpful for gambling person to relate to his activities and take action against it. Training for money management also would be helpful for gambling person. Gambling person would direct his money towards family instead of gambling. Incorporation of addiction therapist and admission of aPsychology person to gambling addiction treatment facility would be helpful to prevent gambling addiction (Kuperman and Crawford, 2014). Making realization of the positive consequences of the quitting gambling would be helpful. Explaining difference between the problematic gambling and happy life with loved people, can make positive changes in the gambling person (McCown and Howatt, 2007). Medication intervention is also useful in gambling addiction. Antidepressants with action on the serotonin uptake inhibitors and which acts as 5-HT1/5-HT2 receptor antagonists are proved to be useful in pathological gambling. Being a division of obsessive-compulsive disorder, pathological gambling requires higher doses of antidepressants. Antidepressants can be useful in pathological gambling with minimal symptoms of depression also (Nestler, 2013). Outcome: Gambling intervention can be applicable in the community setting. Hence, large number of gamblers can be benefited from the intervention. Gambling intervention can be applicable in the heterogeneous population and at multiple sites. Outcomes from the gambling addiction can be useful in the establishment of the national health policy for gambling addiction. It would be useful in developing uniform criteria, rules and regulations. Outcome of the gambling addiction intervention would be useful in the identification of at-risk and transient gamblers. Hence, timely action can be taken in such gamblers to prevent exaggeration of addiction. These outcomes would be helpful in addressing most of the aspects of the gambling addiction and improving quality of life of the gambler. It would provide better treatment to the gamblers. It would also be useful in the improving the knowledge about the gambling and establishment of cost effective treatment for gambling addiction. Positive outcome of the gambling addiction would be helpful in reducing illegal acts because it is evident that most of the gamblers try to arrange money for gambling through illegal ways. Large amount of debts can be reduced in gamblers and consequently many family issues can be resolved. It would also be helpful in preventing work absenteeism, lost productivity, marital discord and family estrangement. Comorbidities like depression, suicidal thoughts and personality disorders can be prevented by providing gambling addiction intervention (Nguyen, 2016). Cognitive theory: According to cognitive theory, wrong beliefs, cognitive misrepresentation and misinterpretation of concepts associated with the uncertainty, possibility and shared independence of chance events, and illustration of faulty cause are responsible for the etiology, occurrence and continuation of the gambling and gambling related problems. Source of illogical and incorrect cognitive beliefs are unknown, however social influence of gambling from the family and friends, media display, cultural influence and personal experience play major role in gambling addiction. These aspects force individual to incline towards gambling. These individuals believe that gambling is an entertaining opportunity and it also increases their income by winning gambling. Cognitive distortions in people with gambling comprises of: 1) possession of own characters which increase chances of win, belief in luck, superstitious behavior and belief in fate, 2) recall of events related to win only and ne gligence of loses, though loses are more as compared to the wins, and 3) wrong opinion of faulty probabilities and false expectations of win after series of loses. Early wins in gambling make belief of the person that gambling is a easy way to earn money and such individual follow number of loses to get a win. According to cognitive theory persistence in the gambling is influenced by the factors like occasional wins, erroneous belief, cognitive regret and entrapment. Erroneous belief is due to belief in win after many loses. Cognitive regret is related to the finishing in the early stage and missing out future wins. Entrapment is due to already large number of investments and trying to get it back (Zangeneh et al., 2007; Lassiter and Culbreth, 2017). Psychodynamic theory : Psychodynamic theory states that complex intrapsychic developments or disagreements can lead to the gambling addiction. Superego demand and egotistical appeals are responsible for development and maintenance of gambling addiction. This theory mentioned that acquisition of gambling can occur at the unconscious level and it can be driven by instinctual drive. Belief in viable ego and self is energy are mainly responsible for gambling addiction. Gambler develops different behavior which is not socially acceptable. According to this theory, characters mainly responsible of the occurrence of gambling are escape behavior, affect regulation, ego inflation, and actions directed towards self love. Gambling addiction can be developed to control anger and guilt and to control inner and outer world. This theory divided gambler in two classes like real gambler and professional gambler. Real gambler usually plays to escape from the real world and professional gambler plays f or earning money and livelihood. This theory considered gambling as a regression in time (Dixon et al., 2006; Lassiter and Culbreth, 2017). Environmental theory: Environmental theory which is also known as social learning model. This model deals with the operant modification by reinforcing or inhibiting effect of its own consequences. In the initial period money was considered as the positive reinforcement however, in recent times physiological arousal is considered as the reinforcement for gambling addiction. This reinforcement of physiological arousal is supported by the research. According to this theory, increased inclination towards gambling is due to initial success in the gambling. This gambling can continue, even though there is decline in the success rate in the gambling. Moreover, big win in the initial period can lead to the development of pathological gambling. Few justifications are given for the persistence of gambling behavior even after the continuous loses. One of them is partial reinforcement extinction effect. This effect is due to the intermittent positive outcomes of the gambling. This intermittent s uccess in gambling leads in the persistent gambling instead of stopping the gambling after significant success. Gambler experience success in gambling, if gambler continues to gamble on the regular basis. Different people have different psychological arousal needs. These people try to satisfy these arousal needs by learning gambling. According to this theory, arousal in the primary reinforcement but not the winning is responsible for gambling. According to this theory, anxiety of depression, cognitive disturbance about gambling, behavioral reinforcement scheduling, opportunities in gambling prevail attitude, social and institutional determinants and internal fantasy for luck, are responsible for development of gambling addiction (Malenka et al., 2009; West and Brown, 2013). Etiology theory : According to etiology theory, people are more susceptible for gambling with rush for risk and seek materialistic goals. Effects of gambling can results in the financial ruin because gamblers cant decide a point, where they wish to stop it (West and Brown, 2013). References: Bensimon, M., Baruch, A., and Ronel, N. (2013). The experience of gambling in an illegal casino: The gambling spin process. European Journal of Criminology, 10(1), 321. Brown, R. J. (2013). Theory of Addiction. John Wiley Sons. Darren, C. R., Nicki, D. A., Alun, J. C., and Shane, T. A. (2015). 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